Skeleton – Joints

Skeleton – Joints

I really should have enjoyed Joints way more that what I did as a headache felt like I was being repeatedly stabbed… and I have noticed these notes are probably the least detailed I have done so far. But the essentials are there. Enjoy J

 

Joints hold bones in place but allow movement, it is the surface between two bones.

Kinesiology : The Study of Motion

Arthrology: The Study of Joints

 

Joints are classified regarding whether or not they have the synovial joint cavity and the type of connective tissue.

Function:

v  No movement =synathrosis

v  Limited movement = amphiarthrosis

v  Free movement = diarthrosis
Structure:

v  Fibrous Joint – synovial cavity absent

• Bones held by fiberous connective tissue, (think the gap between the tibia and fibula, that is filled with connective tissue)
• Amphiathrosis

v  Cartilaginous – synovial cavity absent

• Are divided into Synchondroses which are Synathrosis, and Symphyes which is Ampiarthrosis

v  Synovial – synovial cavity present

• Sits between the two bones
• Diarthrosis
• Cartilage = absorbs shock, allows the bones not to wear away
• Cartilage not covered by the synvial joint

 

 

 

Synovial Joints:

v  Planar Joint:

• Side to side and back to forth movement
• Bone surface is flat or slight curve
• Ligaments prevent the rotation

v  Hinge Joint

• Convex bone surface fits into concave bone surface
• Flexion, extension and hyperextention
• Knee, elbow

v  Pivot Joint

• Circular like a disk
• Rotation on a longitudinal axis
•  (turning head side to side – no)

v  Condyloid/ Ellipsoidal Joint

• Oval shaped projection fits into oval shaped depression.
• Abduct – away from body, adduct – towards body.  up flex and down extend
• (wrist)

v  Saddle Joint

• One bone fits as a person would in a saddle, the saddle being another bone
• Allows thumb across palm, repositioning is when thumb returns

v  Ball and Socket Joint:

• Ball fits into cup depression
•  flexion and extension (forward and back), Adduction and Abduction (side towards and side away)
• Rotation
• Hip and shoulder joint

 

Sprain Vs Strain

v  A Sprain is a twist of the joint that tears the ligament, can damage nearby blood vessels, muscles or tendons.

v  Swelling, haemorrhage of blood vessels

v  A Strain is less serious, either over stretched or not fully torn muscle

 

Bursae and Tendon Sheaths:

v  Bursae are fluid filled scals that reduce friction

v  Tendon Sheaths are essentially a tube version of Bursae that wrap around tendons and joins muscle to the bone.

Leaving On a Jet Plane and Books?

After my final exam today (anatomy and physiology) I am leaving Australia for a month. 

First stop China.

I have my hiking pack ready and it is full of …. I don’t even know, I plan to walk the Camino de Santiago  in Spain. So I have two sets of clothes and other bits and pieces.

So I get to go by public transport to my University with my pack, then catch peak hour trains to go to my aunts place while I wait for my flight.

I must admit I am thrilled, but this morning, hell the whole week instead of studying I have been booking accommodation, packing and repacking. The adrenalin rush I don’t think will kick in until I am on the plane…. I get air-sick, I found that out on my second long-haul flight over to the United Kingdom. AWESOME, I admit I do feel bad for the people who have to sit next to me on the flights.

And for anyone who did read the book = Pride and Prejudice and Zombies… I dont know what to say, I found it harder to read, I dont know why. It was written really well… I just couldnt get into it. at chapter 6 I hit a dead point where I felt like my brain was going to mush, dont get me wrong, I loved the original. But somehow adding zombies into the mix killed me(not literally), I felt so brain dead after reading the book that I ended up watching gypsy sisters (the most tacky and trashy tv show) for several hours.